In 2020, the legal charity Revenge Porn Helpline published a report called ‘Intimate image abuse an evolving landscape’, in which they addressed the rise of deepfake technology and its “worrying potential” for image-based abuse. The potential for manipulating political figures and their running campaigns with deepfake technology has been well covered – but the damage it poses to women is barely discussed in the media, despite being a growing problem. She concludes that deepfake is “a very, very dangerous tool and I don’t know where we’re heading with it.” It was shared by the leader of nationalist political party BJP, and the harassment she received as a result of the video became so bad that the United Nations had to intervene. In an article for Huffington Post, she outlined how trolls first spread fake tweets about her “hating India”, before creating deepfake porn with her face on another person’s body. After reporting on the rape of an eight-year-old Kashmiri girl in 2018, Ayyub drew criticism for arguing that India protects child sex abusers. One of the most high-profile cases of deepfake porn abuse is that of Indian investigative journalist Rana Ayyub. Predictably, this is a gendered issue: a study carried out in 2019 reveals that 90 to 95 per cent of deepfakes are nonconsensual, and about 90 per cent of those are of women.
With just a few clicks, porn videos can be made starring people who have never consented to this content being produced. All users need to do is select a photo of the person they would like to see spliced onto sexual scenes, and upload it. One of the most prevalent – which we will not be naming – now advertises its services freely on adult content websites, and even provides the pornographic images and videos that people’s faces can be edited onto. Often, these sites are spread anonymously on forums like Reddit, with many masquerading as a typical face swap service where porn gifs, videos and images can be used.īut in recent months, these sites have become more brazen. Like a hydra’s head, however, they always multiply and pop back up. The majority of apps and websites that provide these kinds of pornographic deepfake services last for several months before they are taken down (mainly after mass reportings from activists). Now, new developments in AI digital technology have given rise to a disturbing new strain: nonconsensual deepfakes.ĭeepfake porn involves superimposing a person’s face onto sexual images or videos, to create realistic content that they have never participated in. But what Martin’s experience shows us is that sexual content doesn’t even need to be produced in the first place for people to share it. Revenge porn (the nonconsensual sharing of sexual images and videos) is a growing concern, especially among young women. “ had doctored or photoshopped my face onto the bodies of naked adult actresses engaged in sexual intercourse,” Martin recalled in a 2020 TED talk. Within seconds, her screen had been flooded by deepfake pornographic imagery – featuring her face – created by an unknown group of “nameless, faceless” sexual predators. The Australia-based activist, now 26, found the photos by chance after doing a reverse Google image search on an innocuous selfie. Noelle Martin was 17 when she discovered that her face had been edited onto naked photos of someone else.
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